Sokolova I.B., Zinkova N. N, Bilibina A. A., Kruglyakov P.V, Polyntsev D.G.
(«Trans-Technologies», ltd.; Saint-Petersburg, Russia; 189650, Saint-Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, Leningradskaya str., 70/4 - 6; e-mail: sokolova@alkorbio.ru)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - based therapy for a brain trauma treatment need preliminary experimental study. The details to be thoroughly examined are: effectiveness of this kind of therapy, optimal way and time of transplantation and optimal quantity of grafted cells. The aim of this work was to study various ways of MSC transplantation in the mechanical brain trauma treatment. We transplanted MSC intravenously, directly to the damaged region and combination of both.
Experiments were carried out on inbred Wistar-Kyoto rats. Mechanical brain trauma was made as follows. Animals received ketamine, 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Three square millimetres of cranium bone were removed in the left hemisphere sinciput. Dura mater was left undamaged. A load weighting 500 mg was dropped on the brain through a groove with a height of 20 cm. Three days after trauma MSC were transplanted. Group 1 animals received 5 mln of MSC intravenously. In the group 2 0,2 mln MSC were injected directly into the adjacent to the trauma tissue. In the group 3 the same quantity of MSC were transplanted intravenously and directly into the brain. Group 4 served as negative control. Animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks after trauma.
It was shown that intravenously transplanted MSC appeared in the damaged brain 3 days after injection. The cells were revealed close to vessels of both hemispheres, with greater quantity of MSC laying in the damaged hemisphere. MSC transplanted directly to the brain tissue were located as compact group in an injection place. Angiogenesis activation and more undamaged neurons comparing to control were registered in the border area in all experimental groups.
We can suggest that MSC transplantation benefited microcirculation restoration and exerted neuroprotective effect. At the same time, no marked differences in treatment results in experimental groups were shown. As intravenous MSC transplantation is the easiest performed and the less traumatic, it can be recommended to use in clinical trials.
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