Sokolova I., Zinkova N., Shvedova E., Kruglyakov P., Polyntsev D.
(«Trans-Technologies», Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia., «Trans-Technologies», Ltd., Saint-Petersburg; 189650, Pesochny, Leningradskaya str., 70/4 - 6; e-mail: sokolova@alkorbio.ru)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-based therapy is becoming a widely accepted method of various diseases treatment. The ways of MSC transplantation are being widely discussed. MSC can be transplanted intravenously, into the damaged region or into artery that provide blood supply of organ. Local intraorganic transplantation is usually entailed with complicated operative intervention. On the contrary, intravenous transplantation is a routine medical procedure. It has been proven by now that intravenously or intraarterially injected MSC migrate to target organ, where inflammation processes are going on.
It is supposed that MSC migrate to damaged tissue regions because SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor) concentration increases during necrotic and inflammation processes. At the other hand, MSC have high expression level of CXCR4 - SDF-1 receptor. Probably, this molecule stimulates MSC migration to the damaged area.
Experiments were carried out on inbred male Wistar-Kyoto rats. Isolated and expanded in culture MSC were transplanted intravenously into a group of intact animals. When animals have an inflammation nidus, MSC were transplanted intravenously, locally into the border zone of damaged tissue or into the uninjured part of organ (prostate). MSC distribution was studied three weeks after transplantation. In intact rats after intravenous transplantation MSC were found in bone marrow and intestines. In rats with damaged prostate intravenously transplanted MSC were detected in bone marrow, intestines and also distributed diffusely around the inflammation area. When transplanted into the damaged part of prostate, near the site of injury, the cells were located as a compact group at the spot of their injection. After transplantation into the intact prostate lobe, MSC were found to form a band extending from the injection site to the site of inflammation.
Thus, MSC active migration to area of acute inflammation in the tissue stroma was shown. We consider that the intravenous transplantation is preferable as the cells injected into the vein were distributed diffusely and uniformly around the site of injury, whereas MSC transplanted directly to the damaged tissue were located as a compact group. Moreover, intravenous injection is less traumatic while direct transplantation to the inflamed tissue can cause additional injury.
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