Skoromets T.1, Bukhartsev N.1, Naryshkin A.1, Vtorov A.1, Vijde S.2, Kruglyakov P.2, Polyntsev D.2
(1 - Psychoneurological Bekhterev Scientific Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; 2 - «Trans-Technologies», Ltd., Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Taras Skoromets; Psychoneurological Bekhterev Scientific Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; 197101, Saint-Petersburg, Kotovskogo str., 3/12-32; e-mail: ts.spbnipni@inbox.ru)
Treatment of therapy-resistant nervous system disorders is an important medical and social problem. Such diseases as brain trauma, spinal cord trauma, vascular brain diseases are widely distributed and have high mortality and morbidity rate. Despite of some success achieved in treatment of these diseases, the outcome is still insufficient. If brain damage is severe, morbidity reaches 60%.
Stem cell therapy is one of the rapidly developing and promising field of modern medicine. It opens wide prospects in treatment of diseases that were supposed to be incurable.
We have gained primary experience in application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) with CD34-, CD45-, CD44+, CD90+, CD 105+, CD106+ phenotype in treatment of a number of neurological diseases that are resistant to standard therapy. They are: brain trauma, acute blood flow disruption in brain (11 patients) and severe spine cord trauma (2 patients). We used neurotransplantation on specific carrier combined with systemic intravenous transplantation.
All patients had been receiving standard therapy for a long period of time before cell therapy, but without any effects. Detection of intracerebral targets for AMSC local transplantation was carried out by means of such methods as computer tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, positron emission tomography and psychological testing. The same methods were applied for study of dynamic changes after cell therapy. The study period lasted from 6 months to 2 years.
Persistent benefit after AMSC therapy was observed in 84.6% cases. Neurological deficits regressed, on the contrary, sensibility to drug therapy increased.
We received no data about positive effect of neurotransplantationin the case of severe spinal cord trauma, probably because observation period was not long enough and lasted less than 6 months. However, when cells were implanted to patients with full spinal cord rupture the level of neurological defects decreased and magnetic resonance tomography study showed restructurisation of spinal cord in the place of rupture.
We have shown interrelationship between clinical and neurovisualisation data and psychological testing results. Long-lasting functional changes in central nervous system has confirmed the effectiveness of neurotransplantation. The collected data have shown that this mean of cell therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of a number of diseases earlier supposed to be therapy-resistant.
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